upstream: MSVC header/library subsets as source directories in windows_support and hermetic-llvm (follow-up to #8912) #9081

Part of #8912. Follow-up to the windows_x86_64 slice on branch ci-win-x64-8912-3, which moves the MSVC header and library subsets from copy_to_directory build actions into the @msvc_runtime repository layout. It does this with two override patches (patches/windows_support/dx_msvc_layout.patch and a new patches/llvm/msvc_source_directories.patch). This issue covers sending both changes upstream so the patches can be dropped later.

Where

• Upstream windows_support (windows/private/extensions/msvc_runtime.bzl and msvc_runtime.BUILD.bazel), and hermeticbuild/hermetic-llvm runtimes/msvc/BUILD.bazel.
• Local copies: patches/windows_support/dx_msvc_layout.patch, patches/llvm/msvc_source_directories.patch, patches/README.md, cli/adopt/src/overrides.rs, cli/adopt/BUILD.bazel, MODULE.bazel, and families/*/third_party/rules_dx/.

Fix

1. After the slice merges, open a windows_support PR that adds the subset directories and the directory/subdirectory targets. Then open a hermetic-llvm PR that uses them in place of the six copy_to_directory targets. Link both PRs in patches/README.md.
2. Once both releases are out, bump the bazel_dep versions, delete the hunks and the new llvm patch from every file listed under Where, and run bazel mod deps --lockfile_mode=update (root and families).