For fonts defined using \babelfont, the realscripts package has no effect unless the the Harfbuzz renderer is selected.
This does not happen for fonts defined directly using fontspec.
I'm not sure whether the fault lies with babel or realscripts as using \addfontfeatures{VerticalPosition=Superior} works as expected.
I might be wrong, but I feel like this used to work with babel.
% TeX Program = lualatex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\babelfont{rm}{Noto Serif}
\babelfont{sf}[Renderer=Harfbuzz]{Noto Sans}
\usepackage{realscripts}
\newfontfamily\nonbabelnotoserif{Noto Serif}[Renderer=Node]
\begin{document}
\textsuperscript{1234567890} ¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁰ {\addfontfeatures{VerticalPosition=Superior}1234567890}
\sffamily
\textsuperscript{1234567890} ¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁰
\nonbabelnotoserif
\textsuperscript{1234567890} ¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁰
\end{document}

For fonts defined using
\babelfont, therealscriptspackage has no effect unless the the Harfbuzz renderer is selected.This does not happen for fonts defined directly using
fontspec.I'm not sure whether the fault lies with
babelorrealscriptsas using\addfontfeatures{VerticalPosition=Superior}works as expected.I might be wrong, but I feel like this used to work with
babel.